Monday, March 12, 2007

Reason Behind the Light Blogging Last Week


I've had to do some difficult things in my life, but the toughest thing I may have ever done in my life to this point occurred last Wednesday, March 7, at approximately 8:25 am. I had to put my good canine friend and almost nine year rommate Bear to sleep.
My sister got my friend as a six week pup, had him for about a year before moving and having to give him up, but despite her best efforts at finding him a good home, nothing ever really worked out for him. My mom wound up with him for a number of months, but he was quite a handful in his younger years, a little too much for her at least. I took him off her hands when I moved to Ohio in 1998 when he was about three, and he was my constant companion from that point.
He had gotten ill Monday morning, a most unusual event for him, so I took him to the vet that afternoon, and the doc decided to keep him overnight for X-rays and some lab tests, and possibly an ultrasound the next day. The good doctor discovered a large, inoperable tumor with the ultrasound, and it was causing life-threatening internal bleeding. The doc informed me of Bear's condition Tuesday afternoon. I went to visit him that evening for over an hour & they kept him stable overnight while I slept on the decision that I was pretty much forced to make by his steadily deteriorating condition.
He was really struggling early Wednesdsay morning when I returned. His breathing was labored and he was unsteady on his feet, but really glad to see Dad again. We spent some time together again and then I had the vet come in and give him the shots that took him away from me until we meet again in the next world. It will be a long time before I recover, if one can ever recover from tragedy like this; while he was getting pretty long in the tooth for his kind, he'd always been a very healthy guy, so losing him this suddenly was quite a shock. He would have been thirteen in May.

Tuesday, March 06, 2007

Local Links

I've added a number of recently discovered Local Yokel Blogs, a number of which are both interesting...and blogroll me. How embarassing for them. :)

Well, I'm done gone and did the right thing, at least by my standards, and added them to my blogroll as well, even if they aren't blogrolling me, cuz they're local, and they've all been at least recently active.

Welcome Beatrice Fiddler, Right Wing Professor, High Plains Patriot, Joe's Crabby Shack, and Paging Power to the brand new official guerillaspot Local Yokels blogroll. You're very welcome.

LATE EDIT: Added commenter Dana's blog, Principled Discovery, as well. My apologies for not noticing you sooner.

Ancient Astronomical Observatory in Peru

via ScienceDaily this time.

The earliest known astronomical observatory in the America discovered in Chankillo, Peru. The site has long been known but the mysterious 13 stone observatory nearby was only recently analyzed, both to determine its use and age. It dates back to the 4th century BC, 500 years before similiar finds built by the Mayans in Mexico.

"Chankillo is a large ceremonial center covering several square kilometers in the costal Peruvian desert. It was better known in the past for a heavily fortified hilltop structure with massive walls, restricted gates, and parapets. For many years, there has been a controversy as to whether this part of Chankillo was a fort or a ceremonial center. But the purpose of a 300meter long line of Thirteen Towers lying along a small hill nearby had remained a mystery..
The new evidence now identifies it as a solar observatory. When viewed from two specially constructed observing points, the thirteen towers are strikingly visible on the horizon, resembling large prehistoric teeth. Around the observing points are spaces where artifacts indicate that ritual gatherings were held. The current report offers strong evidence for an additional use of the site at Chankillo -- as a solar observatory. It is remarkable as the earliest known complete solar observatory in the Americas that defines all the major aspects of the solar year."

Inca rulers considered themselves descended from the Incan Sun god, and such a site would have had important cultural and political significance. The site was used to track the rising and setting of the sun to denote the timing of both religious festivals and planting and harvest cycles. The early dating of the site suggests that detailed astonomical data had been gathered even earlier, leading to the construction of the sites by ruling political and religious castes in order to cement their power over the population.

Tech key to Recovery Old Oil

As if to further make my earlier point about oil production, the OWH helpfully chimes in.

"Within the last decade, technology advances have made it possible to unlock more oil from old fields. At the same time, higher oil prices have made it economical for companies to go after reserves that are harder to reach.With plenty of oil still left in familiar locations, forecasts that the world's reserves are drying out have given way to predictions that more oil can be found than ever before."

And yes, the Peak Oilers are finding it hard to convince anyone serious that their pet theory is correct.

"There is still a minority view, held largely by a small band of retired petroleum geologists and some members of Congress, that oil production has peaked, but the theory has been fading."

Again, as oil prices go up, it becomes feasible to go back into old fields and resume production, as well as explore and produce in difficult terrain. Approximately two-thirds of the oil in older fields has been left remianing in the ground, as it was formerly unprofitable to go to great lenghts to recover it. It also becomes feasible to start producing from deposits like Canadian tar sands.

"Typically, oil companies can produce only one barrel for every three they find. Two usually are left behind, either because they are too hard to pump out or because it would be too expensive to do so. Going after these neglected resources, energy experts say, represents a tremendous opportunity."

The head of reserve management at Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia's national oil company) is also noted as saying that the kingdom's true reserves are triple the "recoverable" figure of 260 million barrels, the largest on paper reserves in the world, and that new seismic tools greatly aid in both exploration and energy production.

Monday, March 05, 2007

Beijing Anomoly

via LiveScience.

Seismologists have detected a unusual body of water deep within the earth's crust in the deep mantle near the earht's core. When seismic waves traveling through the planet due to earth movements reach East Asia, they area slow down slightly and attenuate due to the large quantity of water stored in the rock. The heart of the phenomenon is almost right underneath the city of Beijing, China, hence the name. The quantity of water found is quite substantial, the equivalent of another Arctic Ocean. 600,000 seismograms from all over the earth were analyzed in making the find.

What will they find out next?

Friday, March 02, 2007

US Diplomacy

Daniel Drezner of Tufts University writes about US diplomatic efforts on behalf of rising powers like India and China in poly sci journal Foreign Affairs (via RCP).

"the Iraq controversy has overshadowed a more pragmatic and multilateral component of the Bush administration's grand strategy: Washington's attempt to reconfigure U.S. foreign policy and international institutions in order to account for shifts in the global distribution of power. The Bush administration has been reallocating the resources of the executive branch to focus on emerging powers."

The challenge is to integrate the the new powers in old institutions while placating the old powers which lose influence, a tricky prospect under the best of times, worsened by the perception that the US operates "unilaterally". While both the Pentagon and the State Department have shifted personnel from Old World powers in Europe to developing states in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Pacific rim, the vast majority of staff still remain wedded to older established allies. However, the US has had some succcesses, such as helping China to join the WTO, the Indian nuclear agreement, and the Asia-Pacific agreement on clean development. Challenges still remain, as other nations sometimes create institutions where the US does not have a role, such the the Shanghai agreement between China, Russia and Central Asia nations. A Deomcratic Congress could also make life difficult for the administration as well.

Thursday, March 01, 2007

Telescope at South Pole

via ScienceDaily.

Apparently we've built a 10m telescope at the South Pole and it is now operational.

"The telescope stands 75 feet (22.8 meters) tall, measures 33 feet (10 meters) across and weighs 280 tons (254 metric tons). It was assembled in Kilgore, Texas, then taken apart, shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand, and flown from there to the South Pole. "

The SPT (South Pole Telescope - astronomers have a lot of imagination) is designed to study background microwave radiation, with particular regard to cosmological conditions of the universe immediately after the Big Bang. The south polar region is ideally suited for such observations due to the lack of water vapor in the atmosphere because of the cold conditions there. The SPT's first study will be to study how dark matter may have altered the formation of galactic clusters right after the formation of the universe. Astronomers can scan thousands of such clusters in just a few years with their new tool.

Pretty cool.

Wednesday, February 28, 2007

Husker Basketball

via Husker Extra.

Haven't mentioned much about Doc Sadler's Husker hoop squad lately. Huskers stand 16-11 overall, with a record of 5-8 in conference play. They face ISU's squad (14-14, 5-9) tonight at Devaney, having won the first matchup against the Huskers in Ames 71-62 two months ago. Huskers are hoping to sweep their last three to finish .500 in conference, with games against Colorado and Okie State remaining after tonight. If they are successful, they could finish as high as fifth in the league, although they would need Texas Tech to drop a game. So far, I would say that the NU hoopsters have exceeded my expectations, despite getting embarassed in two huge losses to KU.

LATE EDIT: Huskers fall, 69-63, despite 36 points from NU center Aleks Maric. Crud.

Clovis Peoples Not First in N. America

via National Geographic.

New and more accurate radiocarbon dating of previously dated Clovis culture artifacts leads scientists to believe that the Clovis peoples were not the first humans in Norht America, as had been previously believed. The new results show that the Clovis period was both later in time and of far shorter duration (200 years) than thought, which would not give that culture time to travel all the way to South America.

Finds in South America dating to the same time have been found without the distinctive Clovis features, leading to the conclusion that the Americas were already peopled when the Clovis culture arrived. The existing population did probably adapt Clovis technology when it appeared, however. The theories about the human migration of the Americas are probably far more complicated than we ever believed. With new findings regarding the peopling of Australia by sea as early as 40,000 years ago, the technology certainly existed for people to arrive in the Western hemisphere much earlier than Clovis.

Today's Warfare

RCP sent me over to USA Today's column by Col. Ralph Peters, who makes a great point about the battle of ideas.

"We have ideas, ranging from the universal validity of individual freedom and the power of democracy, to equal rights for women. Our enemies have passions — the ecstatic intoxication of faith and the Darwinian bitterness of the tribe — that give them a ferocious strength of will."

We aren't fighting nation states in a battle of realpolitic, we're fighting disparate groups of differing ethnic makeups and religious views completely at odds with Western values. Peters also points out that historically, insurgencies or revolutionary movements have traditionally failed, at least up to the point of the American Revolution. When they've been successful, it is usually due to the imperial power just giving up and going home. Hard to tell at this point what the future holds in store.

Tuesday, February 27, 2007

IMAO

Frank J at IMAO again proves his comedic genius.

" "I heard the Democrats passed a non-binding resolution," Gomez the Marine said as he patrolled a street in Iraq. "Any idea what that is?"

"No," Buck the Marine answered, "but I'm guessing from context it's some sort of homosexual sex act." "

I just about bit my tongue off on a conference call this noon.

Are You A Dumb American?


You Are a Smart American
You know a lot about US history, and you're opinions are probably well informed.Congratulations on bucking stereotypes. Now go show some foreigners how smart Americans can be
Take the quiz at the link above. (HT: IMAO)


Friday, February 23, 2007

Astronomer Mike Brown

Nice lecture transcript of Dr. Mike Brown of "tenth planet" fame from Astrobiology.

He explains why, in his view, Pluto isn't a planet, and it is a somewhat compelling case, having to do with science teaching concepts, rather than definitions. He also does a nice job describing the debate over planets using an anology with the concept of continents in geology,and how in some respects the argument is a pretty silly one. No one argues about whether or not Europe is a continent (maybe it shouldn't be, but it is still listed as one).

"In astronomy and in most sciences, we don’t tend to focus on a precise definition for things. We focus on the concepts. The word “planet” now incorporates scientific concepts that are relatively new, but it was never meant to be a scientific definition. Given that there are many alternative ways to classify, not one of which means the word “planet,” it’s clear that the word “planet” is not a scientific word and need not be given a scientific definition.

Look at the word “continent” that geologists have – if you haven’t figured it out by now, the word continent actually has no scientific definition. There is no reason that Europe is a continent. Australia – just a big island. But why are they called that? Because culturally, Europe has always been a continent. I think they came up with the word so they grandfathered themselves in. India is a subcontinent -- does anybody know what a subcontinent really is? India -- that’s the answer. Indonesia is sometimes defined as a microcontinent. But geologists don’t sit around and argue, “Yes, Europe should be a continent.” “No it shouldn’t!” “Australia must go!” "

He illustrates his point further by utilizing a hypothetical alien visitor to our solar system. As you travelled closer and closer to our system, you would first notice the sun, our star, and then the four gas planets would become visible. The next objects you would notice would be the four terrestrial rocky planets, and you would probably make them a different category from the first four. As you got closer, you would then notice the swarm of objects (asteroids) between the two groups, and probably categorize them as something else, and as you got even closer, you would notice yet another group of objects, outside the four biggest ones, and make them another category. We call them Kuiper belt objects.

It's a compelling argument, which, of course, is still controversial, despite being "settled" to some degree. Personally, while I understand the argument and logic behind it, I still think that the alternate view (which Brown describes as round objects on which geologic processes take place), which gives us quite a number of planets, is also pretty compelling, particularly when you have smaller objects orbiting larger ones (like Pluto and Charon) in the "nonplanet" groups.

Peak Oil

Vaclav Smil @ TCS takes on the peak oil myth.

Peak oil theory is the theory that the production of recoverable oil deposits will hit a high point at some point, then production will rapidly diminish with consequent diasaster to civilization. Obviously, the environmental lobby loves the idea. Personally, I've been researching global oil produciton for a while now to see if there is any evidence of declining production for a couple of years now, and haven't seen anything yet. But of course, evidence to the contrary just makes the true believers postpone the date of the supposed apocalypse.

"Well, the numbers for 2006 are in. And they show that even after OPEC once again cut its production (by 1.2 million barrels a day effective November 1, 2006) in order to arrest yet another rapid fall in prices, the global oil supply for the entire year rose once again, by about 0.85 million barrels a day. That is about 42 million metric tons a year, or more than the annual output of Oman or nearly twice the annual extraction in Azerbaijan, a major oil power on the Caspian Sea. But once we take into account the need to replace worldwide reserve depletion (currently amounting to more than one million barrels a day) this means that some 2 million barrels of new oil found their way on the global market, an equivalent of adding a bit more than UK's entire North Sea production or Iraq's annual extraction."

Proponents of the theory point to the work of their patron saint, geophysicist Dr. M. King Hubbert, who we are told predicted the high point of US oil production from the lower 48 states at around 1970, but Smil examines his work pretty closely and finds a few issues with it. for example, actual US peak production was over a half a billion barrels over the prediction peak, in 1970. He also expected the decline in production to a symmetrical curve of the increases, and his expected US production of 1.2 billion barrels in 2000 was actually 2.8 billion barrels.

To make a long story short, that amazing marketplace indicator, the price level, has raised and lowered oil prices, adjusting both global supply and global demand far from Hubbert's projected levels. Of course, as the price level for oil rises, demand goes down, and both technological innovation and further exploration take place, allowing for the profitable exploitation of alternate supplies (like oil shale), more difficult to reach areas (like deep water wells in the Gulf of Mexico), as well as the possibility of opening formerly unprofitable old wells.

Tuesday, February 20, 2007

Republican Candidate Ron Paul

Radley Balko describes little known Ron Paul on Foxnews.

Interesting article about Texas Republican Congressman Ron Paul, who is running for President. He ran for the office once before as the Libertarian candidate, which is probably where I recall the name. He's been in Congress since 1996, returning with larger margins of victory every election. However, he's not your run of the mill politician.

"When most members of Congress see a bill for the first time, they immediately judge the bill on its merits, or if you're more cynical, they determine what the political interests that support them will think of it, or how it might benefit their constituents.

For Paul, the vast majority of bills don't get that far. He first asks, "Does the Constitution authorize Congress to pass this law?" Most of the time, the answer to that question is "no." And so Paul votes accordingly.

This hasn't won him many friends in Congress, or, for that matter, his own party. It hasn't won him influential committee assignments or powerful chairmanships, either. Those are generally handed out to the party animals who vote as they're told. An incorruptible man of principle in a corrupt body almost utterly devoid of principle, Paul is often a caucus of one."

While it is unlikely that he would get the nomination, what is interesting about him is how he might influence the Republican primaries. He voted against the war in Iraq, and opposes the war on drugs as both immoral and unconstitutional, but he also is against illegal immigration, abortion (he's a OB/GYN), over-regulation, and the expanding role of government.

He favors limited government and spending, as well as a return to the gold standard, which I find curiously amusing. If he can last long enough, he could interject some substantial debate on these issues where the Republicans have, to a large extent, lost there principles, like limited government.

Corporate Taxes

Andrew Chamberlain @ TCS Daily makes a fantastic point about corporate taxes and tax rates, and the inherent fairness (or lack therof) of taxing corporations.

"Ask an economist and she'll tell you there are two basic approaches to tax fairness. One is "benefits received" which says taxes are fair if those who use the most government pay the most taxes. The other is "ability to pay" which says to forget how much government we use—people who make more money should pay more tax."

Ability to pay is the way the tax system is set up in the US, on both personal incomes and corporations. Since corporations simply pass along their expenses to consumers, is it really fair to tax corporate profits?

Chamberlain gives a great and compelling example of two companies, one a new venture start-up making space satellites, with highly paid workers and rich customers and investors, but not making any profits. The other company is a "box" retailer, with low wage workers and customers with a publicly traded stock that many middle income people are invested in through their 401k's, but making a high profit. Which is taxed more, and why?

Well, today the profitable company is taxed on its profits at a maximum rate of 35%, while the start-up is taxed on its profits (if any) at 10%. As Chamberlain puts it:

"Those buildings downtown don't pay taxes, we do. So progressive corporate tax rates that treat companies like people aren't just silly, they're unfair. And unfair in an especially capricious way that should infuriate people who really care about tax fairness."

Outstanding point, and one well worth mulling over at length.

Friday, February 16, 2007

Atlantis moved to launch site

Space.com

Shuttle Atlantis has reached the launch pad for its upcoming mission (STS-117) to the ISS for further construction on the station.

"Commanded by veteran spaceflyer Rick Sturckow, Atlantis’ STS-117 crew [image] is slated to launch towards the ISS at 6:43 a.m. EDT (1043 GMT) on March 15, kicking off a series of five NASA shuttle missions to continue space station assembly over the next 12 months.
The astronauts plan to deliver two starboard ISS truss segments, a pair of new solar arrays and help retract an older solar wing on the mast-like Port 6 truss -- a counterpart to one folded away in a December shuttle flight -- during three spacewalks planned for their 11-day mission [image].

This mission will allow for the installation of both the European Columbus module (slated for STS-122 in the fall) and the Japanese Kibo module (slated for STS-123 in December). In addition to the shuttle construction missions, the ISS expects 5 unmanned supply missions this year, one to be the maiden voyage of the new European Automated Transfer Vehicle, and 2 Russian Soyuz missions to change ISS crews. A busy year to be sure.

Conservatives and Libertarians

Finally found something interesting to post about - yesterday was pretty frustrating. :)

Edward Feser at TCS writes on "Fusionism" or the attempt to combine conservativism and libertarianism into a unified overarching political philosophy. The problem is, the two are pretty hard to combine, particularly on social issues, and he goes on at length with the problems you have in reconciling the two, poking holes in several proposed solutions.

Enter F.A. Hayek, one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the 20th century. His main precept is that human knowledge is limited, and no single individual can understand the vast interplay of forces of human social and economic actions. Thus the centralized economic plannning inherent to socialism and communism is impossible to do and thus has diasasterous unforseen consequences, and in the social sphere, radical social experimentation (say, legalizing drugs) as opposed to following more traditional social values also has the same results. Prices in the economic sphere, and tradition in the social sphere, reflect the collective wisdom of humanity.

"The foundation of Hayek's thought is an emphasis on the severe limitations on human knowledge, especially where human social institutions and other complex phenomena are concerned. For Hayek, even the knowledge we do have is dispersed and fragmented, directly available only to scattered individuals rather than to society at large, its governmental representatives, or would-be social-scientific experts; and much of it is embodied in practice, habit, and "know how" which it is impossible to convey in explicit propositional form. The economic implication of this is that central planning of the socialist kind is impossible, for no would-be planner could have the knowledge requisite to doing the job. Only prices generated in a capitalist economy can encapsulate the scattered and otherwise ungatherable information needed for rational economic activity, and individuals responding to price signals in the marketplace ensure the most efficient allocation of resources as is practically possible. But there are moral and social implications as well. For tradition, in Hayek's view, plays a role similar to that of the price system, embodying the inchoate moral insights of millions of individuals scattered across countless generations, and sensitive to far more information than is available to any individual reformer or revolutionary. The radical moral innovator, who falsely assumes he can design from scratch new institutions superior to existing ones, suffers from a hubris analogous to that inherent in socialism."

While Hayek can thus be said to have elements that both ideologies can accept, he would also have a number of elements that trouble them as well. But a philosophically consistent "Fusionist" would at the minimum probably have to accept the Hayekian base premise of limited knowledge. How far one can go in accepting the premise may be as far as one can go reconciling the two ideas. I will definitely have to delve further into this Hayek stuff; I am pretty familiar with libertarian icons like Milt Friedman and Murray Rothbard, but not so much Hayek or Ayn Rand, probably far overdue in this regard for someone who thinks of himself as a libertarian. One thing of note personally is that I've always had an issue with the Libertarian incompatibility with most traditional social values; this Hayekian element has helped me refine my own thinking on the subject.

Wednesday, February 14, 2007

Mayor Rudy's NY Economic Record

Deroy Murdock at NRO looks at Giuliani's record on taxes and the city budget, and the record is pretty impressive. While holding spending increases to a low level, he cut many taxes and fees in the city. Unemployment shrank from over 10% to 5.7% on his watch. He shrank the city bureacracy (while adding police & teachers), privatized municpal assets, and turned the city around from losing population to adding almost 700,000 residents.

"“America’s Mayor” cut or killed 23 levies, saving taxpayers $9.8 billion. Giuliani pared Gotham’s top income-tax rate by 20.6 percent... Giuliani defends his supply-side instincts with bracing candor. Asked after September 11 if he would hike taxes, Giuliani called that “a dumb, stupid, idiotic, and moronic thing to do.”In 1995, Giuliani was equally clear on spending: “We must choose between pulling ourselves into the late 20th Century or remaining mired in the tired and abandoned policies of the Great Society.”Giuliani’s expenditure growth averaged 2.9 percent annually, while local inflation between January 1994 and December 2001 averaged 3.6 percent. His FY 1995 budget decreased outlays by 1.6 percent, while his post-9/11 FY 2002 plan lowered appropriations by 2.6 percent."

In comparison, while Romney inherited a tax cut from the previous administration, he raised many of the fees, to the tune of some $500 million. Meanwhile, McCain is pretty strong on holding the line on spending, but not much in faovr of tax cuts, opposing the 2001 and 2003 federal cuts, one of only two Republican Senators to do so (RINO Lincoln Chaffee was the other).

I have to say the case for Rudy is becoming more and more compelling.

Tuesday, February 13, 2007

Metro Republicans

Maomie Emery has an interesting article on the three top Republican candidates, McCain, Romney, and Guiliani.

"None hails from the South, none looks or sounds country, none is conspicuous for traditional piety, and none is linked closely to social conservatives. At the same time, none is exactly at odds with social conservatives either. None is a moderate, in the sense of being a centrist on anything or wary of conservatives; rather, each is a strong conservative on many key issues, while having a dissident streak on a few. Each has a way of presenting conservative views that centrists don't find threatening, and projecting fairly traditional values in a language that secular voters don't fear. In a country that has been ferociously split into two near-equal camps of voters for at least the past decade, this is no small accomplishment, as it suggests the potential to cross cultural barriers, and therefore extend one's own reach."

Guiliani appears, at this point, to be the most popular of the three. I'm certainly not opposed, and would hope for him to tap a more conservative VP if he becomes the nominee to broaden his appeal to the base.

Monday, February 12, 2007

Economy - Debt Clock

The Skeptical Optimist has upgraded the Debt Clock.

It now features both the previously displayed Total Government Debt and its ratio to GDP, and now includes the Total Public Debt (the debt held by US citizens, as well as foreign citizens and geovernments) without the intergovernmental debt, (otherwise know as the theoretical Social Security Trust Fund), and its ratio to GDP as well.

As the man himself puts it:

"Why add the extra numbers? Simply to help clarify the debate. Most politicians and journalists like to trumpet the total debt ($8.6 trillion) in their headlines and speeches. Many economists, on the other hand, argue that the important number is not total debt (including intragovernmental), but publicly-held debt—partly because that’s the number on which the government pays out “net interest.” "

He also notes, for the record, that the debt ratio for the second number, the publicly-held debt ratio, is actually running backwards as the expanding economy and increasing government tax receipts makes it easier to pay the interest burden. The first number is increasing, but quite slowly. His calculations show the budget balancing (on a 12 month rolling basis) in summer 2008, others are calculating it in Q1 2009.

Oil Profits

Mr. Kudlow is right on the money (naturally) about ExxonMobil and its large profits, pointing out that sales are huge, but the actual returns are not so much, with many other industries being far more profitable as a percentage of sales. He also rightly points out that government taxes are a far larger number than the firm's profits, even before the retail gasoline tax.

"ExxonMobil’s profits are outsized, but they come on sales of $377.5 billion, making for a profit margin of just over 10 cents on the dollar. This remains well below the profit margins of many industries, including banking and biotech where the margins nearly double those in the energy sector. The numbers are big, but the returns are middling...While ExxonMobil recorded record profits last year, it also paid $100.7 billion in taxes — two-and-half times its net profits, according to the Tax Foundation. In fact, over the past twenty-five years, federal and state governments took $397 billion from the largest oil companies and an additional $1.1 trillion in taxes at the pump. In today’s dollars, that’s $2.2 trillion."

He also points out the US corporate tax burden is much higher than many other developed nations - including, yes, even FRANCE!

Light blogging last week was due to a rather pesky virus.

Thursday, February 08, 2007

Ambitious Plans for ISS in 2007

via ScienceDaily.

Busy year ahead for ISS personnel. 24 spacewalks are planned, which will double the station's electrical generation, triple the lab space, and greatly expand the the total area of the station.

"In 2007, NASA and Russia plan to conduct as many as 24 spacewalks, more than has ever been done in a single year. The first spacewalk began at 9:14 a.m. CST Wednesday, Jan. 31 on NASA TV and features Mike Lopez-Alegria, the commander of the current space station mission, known as Expedition 14...By the end of 2007, the station's solar panels will extend to almost three-quarters of an acre of surface area. The extra power and cooling will allow the station's living and working space to expand by more than one-third. The complex will grow from its current size of a two-bedroom apartment to the size of a four-bedroom house by year's end."

October and December shuttle mission will deliver the European space Agency's Columbus lab module and the Japanese Kibo module, which expand the station's interior for the first time in six years. Additionally, a new European supply vehicle, the Automated Tranfer Vehicle, is slated to begin deliveries to the station in July.

Friday, February 02, 2007

A Great Laugh - AND Very True

Milblogger Neptunus Rex gave me a hearty laugh today.

"while our nation building capacity is pretty much maxed out right now, our nation taking apart capacity is largely sitting idle."

Gotta love it.

(HT: Milblogger No Angst Zone, who has some cool info on USAF ops and a new weapon, the 30mm Bushmanster cannon, for the AC-130 gunship, a tribute to the Apollo 11 astronauts, the anniversary of which I am ashamed to admit I missed, and a LOT of other cool stuff. Excellent work.)

Plea from American Soldier

(HT: Wizbang)

A plea from an American Sergeant in Ramadi, Eddie Jeffers. Stop the politics. Unite for the cause of freedom.

"We are the hope of the Iraqi people. They want what everyone else wants in life: safety, security, somewhere to call home. They want a country that is safe to raise their children in. Not a place where their children will be abducted, raped and murdered if they do not comply with the terrorists demands. They want to live on, rebuild and prosper. And America has given them the opportunity, but only if we stay true to the cause and see it to its end. But the country must unite in this endeavor...we cannot place the burden on our military alone. We must all stand up and fight, whether in uniform or not. And supporting us is more than sticking yellow ribbon stickers on your cars. It's supporting our President, our troops and our cause.

Right now, the burden is all on the American soldiers. Right now, hope rides alone. But it can change, it must change. Because there is only failure and darkness ahead for us as a country, as a people, if it doesn't.

Let's stop all the political nonsense, let's stop all the bickering, let's stop all the bad news and let's stand and fight!

Isn't that what America is about anyway?"

Amen, brother, but you aren't alone, my friend. There are millions of veterans and many more proud Americans that fully support you in your cause -- the cause of freedom. Stay safe.

Astronomer Interviewed on Alien Planets

Astrobiology Magazine interviews British astronomer Barrie Jones, who has done some pretty impressive work in mathematically modeling on the position of habitable zones (where rocky earth-like worlds would form) around other stars. He is very optimistic that we will soon find rocky terrestrial planets around other stars.

Jones's calculations show that up to half of the systems we have found planets in could concievably hold an earth type planet, even those with gas giants very close to the parent star. The conventional thinking was that gas giants (which cannnot form very close to a star) that migrate inward toward their star (as we often see in our observsations today) would disrupt the formation of smaller rock planets, but his models show that these planets can form in the habitable zone after the gas giants orbits change. This leads to some very big changes in the percentage of systems with possible earth-like planets, from below 20% to nearly 50%.

Jones also has an important role in the upcoming Darwin mission, as he explains:

"My role in the Darwin mission is going to be to analyze all of the extrasolar planetary systems known at that time, and come up with a list prioritizing which ones are more likely to have Earths in their habitable zones. It's a target-selection process, a bit like what Jill Tarter and the SETI Institute have done in looking for planets that might support intelligence."

Very interesting stuff.

Hubble looks at Alien World's Atmosphere

via ScienceDaily.

The Hubble Space Telescope has trained its lenses on a "hot Jupiter" exoplanet in the constellation Pegasus and examined its atmosphere in detail. The gas giant planet, HD 209458b, is only 4.7 million miles from its parent star, orbiting every 3 1/2 days. It was the first planet found by the "transit" method measuring the dip in starlight as a world blocks the light from the parent star from reaching Earth. The Hubble data shows the planet is so hot that atmospheric hydrogen is steaming off the planet.

"The Hubble data show how intense ultraviolet radiation from the host star heats the gas in the upper atmosphere, inflating the atmosphere like a balloon. The gas is so hot that it moves very fast and escapes the planet's gravitational pull at a rate of 10,000 tons a second, more than three times the rate of water flowing over Niagara Falls. The planet, however, will not wither away any time soon. Astronomers estimate its lifetime is more than 5 billion years."

Of the 200 extrasolar planets discovered so far, almost 15% are "hot Jupiters", so there are potentially billions of such planets just in our own galaxy.

Presidential Candidate Duncan Hunter

via Townhall. John Hawkins makes the case for California Congressman Duncan Hunter.

"If you're looking for someone who can represent the conservative wing of the Republican Party in 2008, California Congressman Duncan Hunter fills that bill far better that any of the top contenders who have already gotten into the race."

He sounds pretty good to me. National Security? Former paratrooper, Bronze Star, son served in Iraq as a marine, check. Immigration? Wrote the Secure Fence Act & helped pass legislation for the very successful San Diego fence. Check. 2nd Amendment? Check. Control spending and lower taxes? Pro-Balanced Budget, Check. School vouchers? Check. SDI? Check. Pro-life? Check. Judges? Likes Scalia, check.

The only weakness I see (and I agree with John here) is that he appears to be protectionist when it comes to trade issues, which is both bad and odd, but something I'm willing to overlook to a degree given his stance on other issues. All in all, a very intriguing candidate, hopefully he can raise his name recognition and gain some traction with voters in the coming primaries.l

Wednesday, January 31, 2007

Economy - Q4 06 GDP

Bureau of Economic Research released GDP numbers this morning, (yes, I'm a subscriber).

"Advance" estimates of Q4 2006 GDP have been released, and the numbers ae pretty strong - a 3.5% increase. Things are definitely looking good for the US economy. The yearly numbers come in at 3.4% right now, making the size of the US economy just a shade under $13.5 trillion. The "preliminary" numbers are due to be released on Feb. 28, with "Final" numbers a month after that, and of course revisions are often done years later, but for right now, things are looking pretty grand.

Tuesday, January 30, 2007

Taxes & the Economy

Brian Riedl at the Heritage Foundation takes on several myths about taxes and the economy, and pretty much eviserates them. (HT: Don Luskin @ Poor and Stupid). (Italics are my comments, heartily paraphrased from Reidl's article.)

Ten Myths About the Bush Tax Cuts—and the Facts
Myth #1: Tax revenues remain low.
Fact: Tax revenues are above the historical average, even after the tax cuts. (18.4% of GDP)

Myth #2: The Bush tax cuts substantially reduced 2006 revenues and expanded the budget deficit.
Fact: Nearly all of the 2006 budget deficit resulted from additional spending above the baseline. ($237 billion more than forcast by the CBO in 2000)

Myth #3: Supply-side economics assumes that all tax cuts immediately pay for themselves.
Fact: It assumes replenishment of some but not necessarily all lost revenues. (Reducing rates often increases the tax base (and hence revenues), but it depends where the tax is on the Laffer Curve)

Myth #4: Capital gains tax cuts do not pay for themselves.
Fact: Capital gains tax revenues doubled following the 2003 tax cut. (2000 Capital Gains taxes raised $50 billion, the CBO projected a 36% increase to $68 billion in 2006, but 2006 Capital Gains raised $103 billion - double the revenues of 2000.)

Myth #5: The Bush tax cuts are to blame for the projected long-term budget deficits.
Fact: Projections show that entitlement costs will dwarf the projected large revenue increases. (Repealing the Bush tax rates would raise revenues from a CBO projected 22.8% of GDP in 2050 to a projected 23.7%. Entitlement spending without any reforms is expected to cost 38% of GDP at that time.)

Myth #6: Raising tax rates is the best way to raise revenue.
Fact: Tax revenues correlate with economic growth, not tax rates. (Despite wide variations in the the tax rate (from as high as 90%), tax revenues have grown in step with economic growth, averaging between 17 and 20% over the last 50 years.)

Myth #7: Reversing the upper-income tax cuts would raise substantial revenues.
Fact: The low-income tax cuts reduced revenues the most. (Tax cuts for lower income brackets and the AMT fix that critics accept totalled $114 billion, while the capital gains, dividend, estate and marriage penalty taxes criticized totalled only $36 billion and income tax rate cuts effected all 2 wage housholds over $62k and single filers over $31K -- hardly "the rich")

Myth #8: Tax cuts help the economy by "putting money in people's pockets."
Fact: Pro-growth tax cuts support incentives for productive behavior. (Government must either tax or borrow money, which simply redistributes income and accomplishes little in the way of growing the economy. Reducing tax rates incentivizes savings, working & investment, increasing investment and productivity and leading to long-term economic growth.)

Myth #9: The Bush tax cuts have not helped the economy.
Fact: The economy responded strongly to the 2003 tax cuts. (Growth averaged 1.7% & the American labor force lost 267k jobs in the 18 months before the cuts, grew 4.1% and added 307k jobs in the 18 months afterward.)

Myth #10: The Bush tax cuts were tilted toward the rich.
Fact: The rich are now shouldering even more of the income tax burden. (The number of filers with zero or negative liability rose from 30 million in 2000 to 40 million, and the bottom 40% of filers proportion of all federal taxes paid were reduced from 5.9% to 5.4%, while the top quintile's proportion paid rose from 66.6% to 67.1%.)

Monday, January 29, 2007

Huskers Name Watson OC

via OWH.

The departure of offensive coordinator Jay Norvell to UCLA for the same position there has allowed Head Coach Bill Callahan to promote TE Coach and recruiting coordinator Shawn Watson to OC, a position he held under Gary Barnett for the Colorado Buffalos. Watson was CU OC for six years, and passed up OC opportunities at both Cal and San Diego St. to join Callhan's staff a year ago.

"The relationship between Callahan and Watson goes back to the 1980s, when they worked together on Mike White's staff at Illinois. Watson was head coach at NCAA Division I-AA Southern Illinois from 1994 through 1996, then joined Barnett for the first time in 1997 at Northwestern. At Colorado, Watson helped the 2001 team become only the third in school history to average better than 200 yards passing and rushing. The 2004 team was only the second at CU to produce a 1,000-yard rusher and 2,000-yard passer.

Watson is likely to give up the RC position after the Feb. 7 recruit signing date. No word yet on potential replacements for the new opening on the Husker staff.

Saturday, January 27, 2007

Science - Mars Atmosphere

via Foxnews.

I saw this elsewhere the other day but forgot to comment on it. Scientists believe that due to the low loss of atmospheric gasses measured today on Mars that the once abundant (or believed to be) gasses may be actually locked up under the ground somewhere on the red planet. It was previously theorized that the Sun's solar wind slowly eroded the gasses away from our system's fourth planet.

"New findings suggests the missing atmosphere of Mars might be locked up in hidden reservoirs on the planet, rather than having been chafed away by billions of years' worth of solar winds as previously thought. Combining two years of observations by the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft, researchers determined that Mars is currently losing only about 20 grams of air per second into space. Extrapolating this measurement back over 3.5 billion years, they estimate that only a small fraction, 0.2 to 4 millibars, of carbon dioxide and a few centimeters of water could have been lost to solar winds during that timeframe."

The atmophere on Mars must have been much denser than today if liquid water was once present on the surface of the planet, as suggested by geologic evidence. The density of gasses in the atmosphere would have to be thousands of times higher than the traces found today, allowing for higher temperatures to allow liquid water to run freely on the surface, up to a half mile deep in spots if the geological evidence is correct. Earth's atmosphere is at about 1 bar of pressure, Mars must have been around that figure as well at one point, today it is at .008 bars.

There is, however, another competing theory that the Martian atmosphere was lost in a catastrophic cosmic collision with a large meteor over 10 km in diameter. On the other hand, an impact of that size and devastation would probably leave a good sized mark on the planet, which we just don't see evidence of today. Maybe a Total Recall terraforming scenario for our planetary neighbor might just be possible over a period of decades after all.

Friday, January 26, 2007

Webb Revisited

Jonah Goldberg also takes Sen. Webb to task at Townhall. Some of Webb's words on Iraq are below.

""As I look at Iraq, I recall the words of former general and soon-to-be-President Dwight Eisenhower during the dark days of the Korean War, which had fallen into a bloody stalemate. 'When comes the end?' ... And as soon as he became president, he brought the Korean War to an end." This was part of freshman Virginia Sen. Jim Webb's much ballyhooed stentorian Democratic response to President Bush's State of the Union address. "

Except that we still have troops in S. Korea sixty years later, the war hasn't ended - there is merely a cease-fire (and a tenous one at that, border violations and pot shots take place pretty commonly) in place. Of course, the fact that the entire nation of N. Korea is a stalinist prison camp isn't worth mentioning either, not that an estimated million people died due to famine in the country over the last decade or two while the leadership parties on caviar and champaigne.

Goldburg retorts:
"So, except for the fact that the Korean War didn't end, our troops are still there, and the outcome has been the source of humanitarian and national security nightmares, Webb's salute to Eisenhower's statesmanship really strikes home."

Ouch, that should leave a verbal mark. And Webb is supposed to be a new breed of responsible Democrat?

Military Re-enlistments

W. Thomas Smith at NRO reviews military re-enlistments numbers for new VA Senator James Webb (D), who stated in his response to the SOU speech that the majority of the military no longer supports the war. Smith finds some pretty conclusive evidence to the contrary that the soldiers and Marines on the ground believe both in the service and in the war.

"The Army’s reenlistment numbers for the past six years break down as follows: For Fiscal Year 2006 (FY06), the Army’s goal was to retain 64,200 soldiers already on active duty. The service exceeded that goal by retaining 67,307 eligible soldiers. In other words, 3,107 soldiers — in addition to the ones the Army had hoped to re-up — raised their right hands and swore to continue defending the nation even if it meant service in Iraq. That’s 105 percent of the goal of re-upping eligible soldiers "

The Army hit 108% of goal in fiscal 2005, 107% in 2004, 106% in 2003, and was around 102% in 2002 and 2001. The Marines have already hit 82% of their 2007 retention targets, with 8 months to go, and routinely exceed their numbers as well in recent years. It would appear that the people doing the fighting certainly think that continued service is worth pursuing, even with multiple deployments and dangers that I can only imagine.

Tuesday, January 23, 2007

NM Gov. Richardson

Ed Morrissey of CQ reviews the record of recently announced 2008 Democratic Presidential hopeful Gov. Bill Richardson of New Mexico, and finds him perhaps the most qualified candidate from either side of the aisle. He has Congressional, foreign policy, cabinet level, and executive experience, and he's Hispanic. I seem to recall another article about him, but don't recall where (LATE EDIT: he announced yesterday, so something about that I imagine). I would have to say such a centrist Democrat would be unpalatable, to say the least, to the Dem's left wing , but any rational mind would have to declare him perhaps the most electable candidate the party could field.

"Richardson has an impressive resume. He worked in the State Department as a congressional liaison after college, then worked on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee as an aide.
He spent 14 years in Congress representing New Mexico, starting in 1980, mostly focusing on foreign affairs. He moved from Congress to leadership of the Democratic Party’s 2004 convention, working with President Bill Clinton on bolstering the party’s credibility with centrist voters.
Bill Clinton appointed Richardson as U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., where he served a year, and then appointed him as Secretary of Energy, where he served from 1998 until Clinton’s term ended. In 2002, Richardson was elected to his first term as New Mexico’s governor and was re-elected last November."

Morrissey speculates if Richardson will pull out the knives and go after Hillary Clinton, having knowledge that could possibly embarass the former First Lady after serving in Bill's cabinet. Richardson is the only Clinton era cabinet level executive to formerly announce his candidacy for the White House. Based on what I know about him, this could be a democratic candidate I would vote for, depending on his Republican opponent.

Global Warming Examined

William Tucker at The American Spectator, talks about climate change in reasonable terms. We know warming is happening, but how much of it is humanity responsible for, we have no real way of knowing.

"What finally occurred to me is that maybe both are right. It's possible that the sun forces a 1500-year cycle of warming and cooling and that recent carbon emissions from industrial civilization are exaggerating the pattern. That would suggest there's nothing too unusual about the recent pattern (everybody agrees it's getting warmer), but carbon emissions could still be playing a part. "

Tucker is an advocate of nuclear power, and trying to unite conservatives (avoid oil) and liberals (avoid coal & warming). I guess I'd fall into the conservative camp on this. I think we do need ways to burn coal in a cleaner fashion, which we are certainly working on.

Wednesday, January 17, 2007

Early Civilization

via ScienceDaily.

Excavations at ancient site of Hamalkour in modern Syria show the walled city was destroyed around 3500 BC, with evidence of large fires. Large scale semi-industrial areas near the city were discovered that leads archaeologists to believe that obsidian workings there were an impetus toward urbanization, much in the same way the large scale agricultural production and public hydroworks were an impetus toward urbanization in Mesopotamia.

"Hamoukar was on a key trade route that led from Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) across Northern Syria and the river Tigris into Southern Mesopotamia. Some evidence of this long-lasting trade was found in an area to the south of Hamoukar's main site-- a large mound. The team found obsidian fragments in an area of over 700 acres (280 hectares), which they dated to 4,500 -- 4,000 B.C. using pottery fragments found with the obsidian. In addition to tools and blades, the team found large amounts of production debris such as cores, a discovery that is even more significant than finding actual tools.

"Finding cores and other production debris tells us that they are not just using these tools here, they are making them here," Salam al-Kuntar, the Syrian co-director of the expedition, explained. Obsidian does not occur around Hamoukar but had to be brought in from Turkey with the nearest sources being over 70 miles away. "

Specialization and trade allowed for the accumulation of wealth and the development urbanization, allowing the local population to purchase or trade for their food from surrounding communities and exporting their manufactured goods, and building the defensive walls to protect themselves. Interestingly enough, it appears as though the city may have been in the process of converting toward working in copper when it was destroyed, as a large number of copper implements have been found in the excavation.

Presidential Speech

Jay Nordlinger over at NRO points to very nice Presidential speech given to the American Newspaper Publisher's Association. Link above is to the entirety of the text, but I, like Jay will just give you a few highlights.

"I want to talk about our common responsibilities in the face of a common danger. The events of recent weeks may have helped to illuminate that challenge for some; but the dimensions of its threat have loomed large on the horizon for many years. Whatever our hopes may be for the future--for reducing this threat or living with it--there is no escaping either the gravity or the totality of its challenge to our survival and to our security--a challenge that confronts us in unaccustomed ways in every sphere of human activity. "

Yes, we face a common danger, but this new danger is one different than we have faced together before, as the President explains further:

"But I do ask every publisher, every editor, and every newsman in the nation to reexamine his own standards, and to recognize the nature of our country's peril. In time of war, the government and the press have customarily joined in an effort, based largely on self-discipline, to prevent unauthorized disclosures to the enemy. In time of "clear and present danger," the courts have held that even the privileged rights of the First Amendment must yield to the public's need for national security.

Today no war has been declared--and however fierce the struggle may be, it may never be declared in the traditional fashion. Our way of life is under attack. Those who make themselves our enemy are advancing around the globe. The survival of our friends is in danger. And yet no war has been declared, no borders have been crossed by marching troops, no missiles have been fired.

If the press is awaiting a declaration of war before it imposes the self-discipline of combat conditions, then I can only say that no war ever posed a greater threat to our security. If you are awaiting a finding of "clear and present danger," then I can only say that the danger has never been more clear and its presence has never been more imminent. "

However, the President sees a potential problem, and asks that the journalists think of the consequences, for disturbing things have happened in the recent past.

"For the facts of the matter are that this nation's foes have openly boasted of acquiring through our newspapers information they would otherwise hire agents to acquire through theft, bribery or espionage; that details of this nation's covert preparations to counter the enemy's covert operations have been available to every newspaper reader, friend and foe alike; that the size, the strength, the location and the nature of our forces and weapons, and our plans and strategy for their use, have all been pinpointed in the press and other news media to a degree sufficient to satisfy any foreign power; and that, in at least one case, the publication of details concerning a secret mechanism whereby satellites were followed required its alteration at the expense of considerable time and money.

The newspapers which printed these stories were loyal, patriotic, responsible and well-meaning. Had we been engaged in open warfare, they undoubtedly would not have published such items. But in the absence of open warfare, they recognized only the tests of journalism and not the tests of national security. And my question tonight is whether additional tests should not now be adopted.

That question is for you alone to answer. No public official should answer it for you. No governmental plan should impose its restraints against your will. But I would be failing in my duty to the Nation, in considering all of the responsibilities that we now bear and all of the means at hand to meet those responsibilities, if I did not commend this problem to your attention, and urge its thoughtful consideration."

The trick here, of course, is that the President here is not George W. Bush, but John F. Kennedy, talking about the Cold War, on April 27th, 1961.

Tuesday, January 16, 2007

Possibly Oldest Human Artifacts in N America Found

Missed this yesterday from LiveScience as well.

Archaeologists in Minnesota surveying a planned construction route find stone tools beleived to 13-15,000 years old. If the dates are confirmed, they would be the oldest human tools ever found in North America by almost 2,000 years.

"The items were found beneath a layer of glacial deposits that had been covered by windblown deposits. Based on what's known about the geology of the area, they believe the objects are between 13,000 and 15,000 years old....Not only do the age of the items and the soil in which they were found need to be confirmed, it must also be determined whether the objects are really human-made artifacts or merely rocks that were chipped in interesting ways by glaciers during the Ice Age. And it's not yet certain if the items were left at the site by humans, or carried there by glaciers or flowing water."

Other researchers had already discovered that the area was an glacial "oasis", an area free from ice although surrounded by glaciers except to the southeast. If the dates for this find are confirmed, it would help prove a growing scientific consensus that humans migrated to the New World much earlier than 11,000 years ago, which is the generally accepted date for the Clovis points found in New Mexico in the 1930's, the oldest conclusively proven artifacts found in the Americas, athough some other sites have their own proponents as well.

Strange Fossil Skull

via Livescience.

Odd shaped human skull found in Romania, has both modern human AND what appear to be Neanderthal traits. Skull is among oldest ever found in Europe, dating to at least 35,000 and perhaps more than 40,000 years old.

"The reconstructed cranium is called Oase 2. Radiocarbon dating revealed only that it is at least 35,000 years old. But its mandible is similar to Oase 1, found previously at the surface of the cave and dated more firmly to about 40,500 years ago. The team has concluded that both fossils are the same age. These are the earliest modern human remains so far found in Europe.
Oase 2 has the same proportions as modern human craniums and has other features that are non-Neanderthal. But other features are unusual for a modern human, the scientists say. These include a retreating forehead and exceptionally large upper molars found principally among the Neanderthals."

Weird. There has been speculation among some scientists that modern and Neanderthal humans may have interbred, but this is the first significant evidence I've heard of to date. Other scientists believe the two species competed for habitat (to the detriment of the Neandethals), some think humans aggressively wiped them out, while others don't believe the two species ever even met, so the the scientific consensus isn't terribly clear. About the only thing that is clear is that the Neanderthals aren't around any more, so something happened after modern humans appeared in Europe. Interesting to see if this team uncovers anything else of note.

Monday, January 15, 2007

Stellar Neighborhood

via our geek friends at Astrobiology Magazine.

New survey of near-Sun stars raises the count to 384 stars in 249 systems within 33 light-years. Most of these are class M, or red dwarf stars, but interest in these is growing with the higher possibility that they could hold planets, perhaps even habitable ones. The increase in the number of stars in local neighborhood holds interesting implications for both the number of stars in the galazy, but also the universe, and may hold implications for the amount of mass it contains.

"If our neighborhood is representative of the galaxy, and the galaxy is representative of the universe, the new local density measurement may lead to a more precise calculation of the universe’s overall mass. More nearby stars also translates into the possibility of more nearby planets, and perhaps life. The possibility of habitable worlds around red dwarfs is still being debated, though. Because red dwarfs have such low heat output, only planets in close orbit would be warm enough to have liquid water on the surface."

The issue with being so close to a star is that the planet, like Earth's moon, might become tidal locked and only face one side of the planet to the Sun. This would cause that side to heat excessively and blow all chances of wate remaining, with the opposite side in a perpetual deep freeze. However, examples like Mercury, within our own system, lead many scientists to believe that most close orbiting planets would not be so locked, since they form from the same interstellar dust cloud that the star forms from. The really interesting thing about these stars holding planets is that they are the most common (up to 75% of all stars) type of star, so if planets commonly form around them (and we have examples), the number of exoplanets is likely to be much higher than previously thought. And with more planets, more chances for both habitable planets and life to evolve. Cool, unless they hold Klingons that want to eat us.

Friday, January 12, 2007

Site Changes

I made some changes to the site to take advantage of some of the new Blogger site functionality, which is a decidedly easier than previously. I think they are good improvements and the site looks quite nice, hope you all feel the same, let me know.

I have also added a number of links to locally oriented blogs, not all of whom I am likely to agree with, but I try to at least support local bloggers, whatever their content. That said, take particular care when going to New Nebraska Network and Behind Enemy Lines, both of which may cause your blood pressure to rise, although for different reasons.

Earliest Modern Humans in Europe

Cool science news via ScienceDaily.

Human artifacts dating back 45,000 years have been found in Russia at an excavation along the Don River. It is the earliest find of human artifacts in Europe, and shows evidence of a long distance trade network.

"The excavation took place at Kostenki, a group of more than 20 sites along the Don River that have been under study for many decades. Kostenki previously has yielded anatomically modern human bones and artifacts dating between 30,000 and 40,000 years old, including the oldest firmly dated bone and ivory needles with eyelets that indicate the early inhabitants were tailoring animal furs to help them survive the harsh climate. Most of the stone used for artifact construction was imported from between 60 miles and 100 miles away, while the perforated shell ornaments discovered at the lowest levels of the Kostenki dig were imported from the Black Sea more than 300 miles away"

These are the earliest human finds outside of Africa and Australia, which has finds dating back 50,000 years ago. The importance of the finds are that it shows humans innovating quite well to adapt to a colder climate, and also shows indications that they were expanding their food sources utilizing both fishing and hunting small game with snares and traps, in addition to hunting big game and gathering plants. An ivory artifact thought to be the head of a small figurine found at the site might be the oldest example of decorative art ever discovered, at over 40,000 years.

Alan Reynold's New Book Examined

Dave Henderson over at TCS finishes his examination of economist Alan Reynold's new book, Income and Wealth. His third installment examines the Reynold's deconstruction of the myth of the "top 1%", most of which comes from a NEBR study by economists Emmanual Saez of the University of California, Berkeley and Thomas Piketty of École normale supérieure in Paris. Their study reportedly found that the top 1% of income earners share of total income increasing from the 8-9% range in the 1960's up to 16% in 1998.

Henderson refers first (as he did in the first installment) to Reynold's questioning of the use of "tax units", not families, in the data, which distorts the study, then to Reynold's note of the effects of the changes in tax laws, primarily noting the changes in the numbers of C (fewer) and S (more) type coporations, from the 1986 Tax Reform Bill. The effect of these changes is that people owning corporations had an incentive to change their companies to S types and benefit from the lower individual tax rate (28%) vs the corporate tax rate (34%). Formerly the coroporate rate was lower than the individual rate, so people had been filing their earnings under the C type, taxed as corporate income, not individual. Additional changes were also made in 1986, including the taxing of income earned from municipal bonds, which further distorts the study.

Reynolds then totally devastates the commonly repeated argument that CEO pay is 500 to 1000 times that of the average worker by simple arithmetic, using the same data shown in the Wall Street Journal article making that claim, showing it to be completely bogus. If average CEO pay is $2.16 million, it's not 500 times average worker income, which computes to around $4500. As I recall from the CIA World Factbook, GDP per capita is around $42,000, maybe someone forgot a zero in there.

Also pointed out is another error on the part of our favorite Princeton professor, Herr Doktor Paul Krugman, who included grants of stock options in his calculations of CEO pay for a 2002 article. He referred to a Fortune article on options granted in 1999, but he ignored the fact that the stock market tanked in 2000, and the Fortune magazine numbers appraised those options as 1999 value plus added an expected increase of one third. In reality, the pay of S & P 500 CEOs fell by 48% from 2000 to 2003, what you might expect when those executives have much of their total compensation tied to stock and the market falls flat on its face.

China and the New Century

Time via RCP.

Michael Elliot provides a surprisingly balanced and realistic view (coming from Time, anyway) of the growing importance of China in the world, the challenge to the West it poses, and the challenges it has to faces, both internally from its citizens and externally as it seeks the raw materials to feed its growing economy. Read the whole thing, it's actually pretty insightful.

"China is now so significant a player in the global economy that the alternative--waiting until China changes its ways--won't fly. There is still time to hope that China's way into the world will be a smooth one. Perhaps above anything else, the sheer scale of China's domestic agenda is likely to act as a brake on its doing anything dramatically destabilizing abroad.
On the optimistic view, then, China's rise to global prominence can be managed. It doesn't have to lead to the sort of horror that accompanied the emerging power of Germany or Japan. Raise a glass to that, but don't get too comfortable. There need be no wars between China and the U.S., no catastrophes, no economic competition that gets out of hand. But in this century the relative power of the U.S. is going to decline, and that of China is going to rise."

Elliot has some interesting notes on Chinese leader's diplomatic efforts as well. Chinese President Hu Jintao was thought to be a pretty conservative pick, with a decidedly domestic focus, but he has been pretty active in Chinese diplomatic efforts.

"While Wen Jiabao, China's Premier, was visiting 15 countries last year, Hu spent time in the U.S., Russia, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Nigeria and Kenya. In a three-week period toward the end of 2006, he played host to leaders from 48 African countries in Beijing, went to Vietnam for the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, slipped over to Laos for a day and then popped off for a six-day tour of India and Pakistan. For someone whose comfort zone is supposed to be domestic affairs, that's quite a schedule."

Bottom line is that China, (and in my opinion, India and possibly Brazil as well), is going to be a global power in the coming years. We're rapidly moving away from a unipolar world to a multipolar one. The question for U.S. policy makers is how to both maintain its influence in world affairs while at the same time carefully mananging its relations in a positive direction with the new powers to be.

Thursday, January 11, 2007

Europe and US Living Standards

TCS Daily.

A Danish immigrant to the US absolutely destroys the popular myth that the Scandanavian economic model is just as good as the US. While I've often heard of comparisons to Sweden in the past, I guess that has lost some steam recently as the Swedish economy tanked, and liberals are now pointing to Denmark. The main point is that US citizens have bigger homes, more & larger autos, just as much leisure time, and better healthcare, along with higher incomes, while the bottom 10% in both countries are about equal.

"The Economic Policy Institute estimates that the poorest 10% of Americans on average earn 39% of the US median income while their Danish counterparts earn 43% of the US median income, as Tim Worstall recently pointed out. Thus, the poorest 10% in America and in Denmark have about the same annual income (accounting for purchasing power parities and all social income transfers). Not surprisingly, the top 10% of Americans are much better off than their Danish counterparts with an average income of 210% of the US median income compared to 123% in Denmark. "Rich" people in Denmark thus do not make much more than the median income in the United States.

As for the average industrial worker, the Danish Ministry of taxation estimates that American workers earn roughly 33% more than their Danish counterparts when accounting for purchasing power parities and social transfers of income. Taken together, these numbers indicate that the 10% poorest in the United States have roughly the same standard of living as their Danish counterparts while the remaining 90% of Americans are better off than the Danes. "

Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Michael Yon is back In Iraq

Independent embed reporter Yon is back in Iraq, and talks about how it is important to talk more with senior NCOs and troops in the field than the generals. Michael has traveled extensively with CSM Jeffrey Mellinger, the top enlisted man in theater, who has a number of brushes with the enemy.

"Grandparents should know that a grandparent is watching out for the young men and women who are fighting in Iraq. CSM Mellinger has spent three consecutive Christmases in Iraq and is going on his third straight year walking the line. One young sergeant, a team member on CSM Mellinger’s crew, told me the CSM’s team has been hit 26 times so far, and when I asked the CSM, he shrugged and said, “Sounds about right.” Five of his Humvees have been destroyed by IEDs, two that he was riding in at the time. Astonishingly, nobody in his crew has even been seriously wounded. He goes into combat, but you’d have to see how he rolls to understand why nobody has been killed so far. Experience multiplied by luck."

Science - Stellar Development

via ScienceDaily.

"Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope show that gas giants either form within the first 10 million years of a sun-like star's life, or not at all. The study offers new evidence that gas-giant planets must form early in a star's history. The lifespan of sun-like stars is about 10 billion years. "

The study consisted of 15 young stars (undder 30 million years old) using both the Spitzer and the SMT telescope at Mount Graham, AZ to invetigate different regions of the stars orbits and found that the stellar gasses surrounding the stars were almost all depleted, leading to the conclusion that either the stars had already had gas giant class planets form or that these systems would never develop these type of planets. It is also suspected that the stellar gas cloud is important in the development of elliptical orbits for small rocky earth type planets. A highly elliptical orbit would lead to wild temperature swings and inhibit the development of life on such worlds. Most of the systems studied to not appear to have enough gas to assist any such terrestrial planet into an elliptical orbit.

Venezuela's Chavez

Washington Post via RCP.

President Chavez, not satisfied with stifling opposition media and running his mouth off in the filed of foreign affairs, now plans to go completely Fidel and nationalize both the telecommunications and electrical industries and eliminate the independence of the national banking system.

"In the past couple of weeks Mr. Chávez has shaken up his cabinet to eliminate quasi-independent voices, said he will form a single ruling party and announced plans to govern by decree in the coming year. He has said he will close down the country's most popular television network, which has been critical of his government, eliminate the independence of the Central Bank, and nationalize telephone and electricity companies -- including one partly owned by Verizon and another by Alexandria-based AES. The commercial code will be changed; one minister said the intent is to place new limits on the profits of the remaining private companies. Though some private media will remain, Andres Izarra, the head of a state network and a close collaborator of Mr. Chávez's, declared that the regime's plan is "a communications and information hegemony for the state."

He has already crippled the oil industry by nationalizing it. It is unbelievable this moron won re-election in Decemeber. I wonder how long it will be before the riots start.

World's Tallest Trees

via LiveScience.

These two guys have an interesting hobby. Using laser range finders (since they became commercially available in 1995), they seek out the tallest trees in world (coastal redwoods), and have found the vast majority of them, including the four tallest.

"Coast redwoods grow in a 470-mile ribbon from southern Oregon to Big Sur, and routinely top 300 feet, or the height of a 30-story building. (The giant sequoia, the redwood's inland cousin, have massive trunks that make them the world's biggest trees by volume.) Only 36 coast redwoods taller than 360 feet have been recorded. Atkins or Taylor had a hand in locating 28 of them. In the 370-feet-and-up category, there are only four. Atkins and Taylor found them all. "

They are almost done with their survey and expect to complete it next summer. They believe there is almost no chance of finding any tree taller than the 379 ft Hyperion they found last summer.

Husker Basketball

via OWH.

Doc Sadler has the Huskers 11-3 to open Big 12 play against ISU and coming off a big win vs. highly regarded Western Kentucky. Doc has the Huskers shooting better, scoring higher, and playing much better defense than former coach Collier.

"Last season, Nebraska was No. 286 out of 326 teams nationally in field-goal shooting (41 percent). This season, with nine of the same players but a new coach, the Huskers are No. 8 (51.5 percent). Check the shooting improvement of four returning regulars: Aleks Maric 47.2 percent to 63.8 percent; Marcus Perry 34.7 to 50; Jamel White 36.1 to 45.7; Charles Richardson 36.3 to 45.1....Even with more possessions in a game this season and playing six games outside the state so far compared to one at this point a year ago, Nebraska has allowed a lower scoring average this season (60.6) than last season (63.8)."

Huskers already have 11 victories of over 10 points this season; they had only 8 all of last season.

Baseball Hall of Fame

Also via OWH.

Tony Gwynn and Cal Ripken are in, both with extremely high percentages, while Big Mac, once thought of as an automatic selection, is not even close, with less than 25%. Goose Gossage, Jim Rice, Andre Dawson anfd Bert Blyleven, all guys I think should be in the Hall, miss narrowly again.

"Ripken, the Baltimore Orioles shortstop who set baseball's ironman record, was picked by 537 voters and appeared on 98.53 percent of ballots to finish with the third-highest percentage behind Tom Seaver (98.84) and Nolan Ryan (98.79).
Gwynn, who won eight batting titles with the San Diego Padres, received 532 votes for 97.61 percent, the seventh-highest ever, also trailing Ty Cobb, George Brett and Hank Aaron.
If he had been picked by two of the eight voters who didn't select him, Ripken would have set the percentage record, but he didn't mind. Two voters submitted blank ballots."

Fire whomever submitted the blank ballots. Idiots, why even vote?

Tom Osbourne Returns to UNL

via OWH.

Former Husker coach is now teaching Management 467 at UNL to about 50 students.

"He lectured the approximately 50 students about leadership for more than an hour, quoting Aristotle from memory, referencing Warren Buffett and reminiscing about what his 1996 Huskers learned from their 19-0 loss to Arizona State. Mostly he talked about the country's need for strong leadership if Americans want to avoid the fate of the Romans, Greeks and Soviets.

Those societies got lazy, Osborne said, becoming self-absorbed, preoccupied with material wealth and uninterested in helping others. He said he sees the United States stagnating, its populace accepting methamphetamine use and deadbeat dads, its business leaders cooking the books, everyone failing to "tighten their chinstraps" when things get tough."

He ran almost 15 minutes over - but every student stayed. I've met the coach twice - once on campus, another time near his cabin in Ogallalla. Amazing man.

Friday, January 05, 2007

Husker FB Season in Review

No link, just commentary from yours truly.

When I look back on the football season, I see alot of different viewpoints on the season. First, I'm still not entirely sold on Callahan; that being said, I think the program does have better athletes than when he arrived, and I think that if the Husker faithful are patient, he'll eventually mature as a head coach and we'll again be competitive at a high level. Will we completely dominate the sport for a long stretch? Possible, but not probable, the glory years of the mid-90s may never come again, but I think some Big 12 titles and BCS games are certainly within reach, as they should be for a traditional power like Nebraska.

Looking back, it's obvious that I underestimated USC, Okie St, KU and (slightly) A & M; overestimated UT, ISU, Mizzou and Colorado. A 9-5 season is more or less the same as the 8-4 of 2005, with a little extra luster from at least winning the Big 12 North. I thought a 9-3 regular season was probable, and it happened, but I did not expect to win the Big 12, and I thought the bowl matchup with Auburn was a tough one, as it proved to be.

The Huskers had a number of chances for more victories this year, and simply left too many of them slip by, often shooting themselves in the foot with disasterous turnovers (UT, OU, Auburn in particular), ill-concieved gameplans (USC), bad playcalling, bad special teams work, etc. More consistency is needed, and badly, particularly to close games out, and halftime ajustments must be made. It is embarassing how many times the team came out totally flat in the second half of games this year, completely unable to move the ball.

Looking ahead, next year's schedule looks pretty brutal. We open the season with Nevada (WAC bowl team), go to Wake (BCS team, ACC champ) and then host USC (BCS team, Pac-10 champ), with Ball St from the MAC to follow. Big 12 season then starts with ISU, at Mizzou, Okie St, A&M, then at UT, at KU, K-St and at CU to finish the season. Only bye week: Nov 17. Sam Keller had better be really, really good, and right out of the gate. On the plus side, we have 7 or 8 guys on the line returning, all four backs and all but one receiver for Keller to work with. If he lives up to expectations, we should be pretty solid offensively.

Defensively, we lose LB Stu Bradley, S Andrew Shanle and the entire D-line, although the returning tackles played extensively. Heir apparents at end, Zach Potter and Barry Turner, had better be good, and quickly. Linebackers should obviously be a strength, but the secondary will again a question mark. Will CB Zach Bowman come back from injury as effective as 2005? Will any of the recruits make an impact? I guess we'll have to see spring ball and take a look then. On paper, I'm guessing we go 9-3 and win the North again, but I am certainly an optimist.

Wednesday, January 03, 2007

New Year's Ice Storm

via OWH.

Thousands still without power as utilities survey millions of dollars in damage to the electrical grid due to the massive ice storm in central Nebraska over New Year's.

"Damage stretched across 29 central Nebraska counties, from the Kansas border to South Dakota. Because damage to the state's electrical grid is so extensive, most communities still without power will have their electricity restored via industrial-size generators, said Ron Asche, president of NPPD."

It may be weeks before thousands of utility poles and high power transmission lines are replaced.

Thursday, December 28, 2006

European Space Agency Launches Planet Finder

via Space.com

The ESA launched a French orbital satellite observatory designed to search out planets orbiting nearby stars. It has a 27 cm (10.6 inch) lens capable of tracking thousands of stars simultaneously. It is believed the satellite will be capable of discovering smaller rocky planets, down to the size of a just a few earths, that have so far eluded planet hunters.

"Flying high above the Earth’s atmosphere, the Convection Rotation and planetary Transits (COROT) satellite [[image] will use a different technique better suited to finding smaller worlds. Called the “transit” technique [image], it will detect extrasolar planets by measuring the dip in starlight their passage creates as they glide across the face of their parent stars."

NASA will launch its own Kepler satellite on a similiar mission in 2008.

Sunday, December 24, 2006

Merry Christmas!

Light blogging due to the holidays and a heavy work schedule, but I'll try to post something in a day or two when I catch sight of something interesting enough to note. In the meantime, everyone have a safe and happy season.

Wednesday, December 20, 2006

Foreign Policy - Schools of Thought

Former Marine officer and current Naval War College professor M. Thomas Owens discusses the history, limitations and nuances of various political scientist's theories on the International system at NRO, particularly with regard to America's role in light of current events. Interesting discussion about the Realist school, the "Neoconservative" school, and the Internationalist/Liberal school. Read the whole thing.

The Realist school recognizes states as the principal actors, and that the international system is one based on relative state power. Liberals contend that the actors goals "transcend power and security", such as peace and prosperity, and that actors other than states play critical roles. Realists have been critical of the Bush Doctrine of Pre-emption as noted below.

"Realists have predicted that the Bush Doctrine will lead to anti-hegemonic balancing on the part of other states — i.e., other states will takes actions to prevent the United Stated from establishing, or further establishing, international hegemony. But such an outcome has not occurred. There has been no anti-hegemonic balancing, even of the “soft” variety (the realists’ fall back position). This suggests that other nations consider the Bush Doctrine to be also in their own interests, or, at least, they do not worry that, in pursuing this doctrine, the U.S. intends to establish a hegemony harmful to their interests. This judgment is mostly likely based on an understanding of the nature of the political regime of the United States..."

In short, the Realist school ignores the TYPES of regimes when examining the balance of power. Liberals believe that international institutions and law can keep the peace, and view the Realist school as far too cynical, while the Realists belive the Liberals far too idealistic. Neoconservative theory, at least in foreign policy, is a bit of a blend, as they believe that the regime's internal characteristics matter, and that it is only prudent of the hegemon, the US, to use its power to provide not only stability, but propagate those principals upon which its own regime rests, liberal democracy.

The money quote:

"The Bush Doctrine is a species of “primacy” based on hegemonic stability. Primacy can be caricatured as a “go-it-alone” approach in which the United States intimidates both friends and allies, wields power unilaterally, and ignores international institutions. But the Bush Doctrine sees itself as having a “benevolent” primacy, an approach in keeping with its liberal political traditions, but which recognizes the world as a dangerous place in which a just peace is maintained only by the strong.

This form of primacy is based on the assumption that U.S. power is good not only for the United States itself but also for the rest of the world. The argument is that the United States can be fully secure only in a world where everyone else is also secure. The existence of liberal institutions is not sufficient for preserving this order. A liberal world order is possible only if the United States is willing and able to maintain it."

This sounds Reaganesque to me, the "America is the Shining City on the Hill", only we are doing things more actively to serve as a beacon today, as opposed to just being a passive role model for others to emulate. I guess I just might be a neoconservative, at least when it's explained in this fashion.

Supreme Court

via USA Today.

Interesting article describing the Court's two newest memebers, Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito, and their potential impact on pending issues. Abortion, obviously, is a big issue, as well as school integration/choice and the environment, along with the national security and civil liberty divide.

"Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Samuel Alito have signaled a readiness to move the court to the right. In recent cases involving abortion, global warming and school integration, Roberts and Alito have been aggressive and sometimes feisty proponents of conservative views and particularly sympathetic to arguments by the Bush administration."

Elections have consequences, and this is among the biggest of them all. Conservative Presidents have had a historically poor track record of nominating conservative justices, but President Bush appears, at this point, to have fulfilled his campaign promises to nominate justices that view legal matters pretty narrowly, rather than legislating questionable decisions from the bench. It will be interesting to see what kind of teeth gnashing and hair pulling these two justices cause liberals over the coming years. The court's more liberal members have certainly caused a lot of conservative heartburn over the years, it is ironic indeed to see the shoe on the other foot for a change.

Tuesday, December 19, 2006

Discovery to Leave ISS

via OWH.

"Space shuttle Discovery's astronauts have rewired the space station, managed three spacewalks, and now completed the most difficult task of their mission: getting a stubborn, solar array folded up during an impromptu fourth spacewalk."

Astronaut Robert Curbeam set a record with his fourth spacewalk of the mission in repairing the balky solar array. The old array was replaced by a new one installed during the misison, but the old one would not retract as planned, necessitating the emergency fourth spacewalk. Curbeam is now a man with the fifth most spacewalk time in history, behind only a small group of Russian cosmonauts as US astronauts. Discovery is scheduled to return to Earth Friday.

Thursday, December 14, 2006

Global Economic Projections

Also at TCS, James Peron looks at the new World Bank projections for global economic growth, and the results are actually pretty encouraging. The global economy is expected to double by 2030, and the developing world's share of that output is likely to reach 50% by that time. The best news of all: the world's poor will benefit greatly.

""The number of people living on less than $1 a day [in constant dollars] could be cut in half, from 1.1 billion now to 550 million in 2030." And the number living on less than $2 per day will decline by an estimated 800 million."

The ranks of the "global middle class" are expected to raise as well, up to 1.2 billion people. Developing nations will continue to converge with more developed nations, and the situation could be even more rosy - these scenarios are the low to middle of the road projections, the optimistic projections show a decline of people living in poverty from today's 20% to around 4%, with incomes 45% higher than today.

The Economy

Dave Henderson at TCS takes a look at economist Alan Reynold's thorough debunking of the "shrinking middle class" myth perpetuated by the Paul Krgumans of the world. Reynold's new book Income and Wealth tackles this and other myths, like the fact that famly income has been shrinking over the last three decades.

These claims often rely on curious definitions, like utilizing "tax units" as opposed to families, or holding income level definitions static (middle class = incomes of S35-50K, ignoring the effects of growing prosperity over time) in order to distort the data sets to achieve these pundits dubious pre-conceived claims. As Reynolds puts it:

"Such a fixed definition ensures that the proportion of households in the middle group must decline with a rise in general prosperity, because rising prosperity causes a rising percentage of families to earn more than $50,000." (emphasis his)

In other words, the number of people inside these income levels dropped because more families were earning incomes OVER the high end of the bracket, $50k. But of course, that isn't stated, just that the people in the middle brackets dropped. Disingenuous at best, blatantly misleading at worst, and almost certainly done on purpose to score some political point.

Japan's New Diplomacy

Time via RCP.

Interesting article about the visit of India's Prime Minister Singh to Japan, and the special treatment he is being accorded there, addressing the Japanese Diet (legislature). Japan is looking beyond its relationship with the US for perhaps the first time since WW2. Japanese PM Abe is cultivating India as a potential diplomatic counterweight to China.

"Deepening ties between the two biggest democracies in Asia is part of Abe's efforts to chart a new direction for Japan's foreign policy, one less consumed with the U.S. and more embracing of Asia"

Although bilateral trade between the two nations is not yet significant, it is growing pretty rapidly. Japanese investment is still concentrated on China, but Japanese automakers are eyeing the Indian market, and India's software companies could begin to make inroads into the Japanese markets as well.

Tuesday, December 12, 2006

The Loss of the Libertarians

via TCS Daily.

Good article on how those of us self described fiscally conservative, socially liberal voters actually voted. There was an approximate 24 point swing against the Republicans from the 2002 midterms. OUCH. Still, a majority of Libertarians vote Republican despite overtures from the other aisle.

"In 2006, libertarians voted 59-36 for Republican congressional candidates—a 24-point swing from the 2002 mid-term election. To put this in perspective, front-page stories since the election have reported the dramatic 7-point shift of white conservative evangelicals away from the Republicans. The libertarian vote is about the same size as the religious right vote measured in exit polls, and it is subject to swings more than three times as large."

Worse, the Senate losses of Conrad Burns and Jim Talent were directly attributable to Libertarian candidacies in their states. Both sitting Senators lost by less then the number of votes the Libertarian candidate garnered. The Republicans would still control the Senate had both candidates won re-election. The R's would be wise to return to their principles if they wish to continue to win elections.

St. Paul's Tomb

via National Geographic.

St. Paul of Tarsis, the principal founder of the Christian religion after the death of Christ, has had his tomb in Vatican City partially uncovered for viewing by religious pilgrims.

"For now we didn't open the sarcophagus to study the contents. Our aim was to unearth the coffin venerated as St. Paul's tomb, not to authenticate the remains," said Giorgio Filippi, the archaeologist of the Vatican Museum, who directed the excavations. "The sarcophagus was buried beneath the main altar, under a marble tombstone bearing the Latin words "Paulo Apostolo Mart.," meaning "Apostle Paul, Martyr."

Paul's tomb was first first honored with a basillica in 320 AD by the Emperor Constantine, expanded by Theodosius in 390 AD, who also entombed the saint's remains in the sarcophagus discovered. The sarcophagus was buried and marked by a marble tombstone after an earthquake in 433 AD. A fire in 1823 burned the ancient basillica down and the modern building was erected in its place with the tomb buried under the Papal altar. Pilgrims visiting in 2000 were disappointed that they could not see the saint's tomb, leading to the decision to excavate. The sarcophagus can be viewed through a hole in the Papal altar about 2 ft wide and 3 ft deep.

A Tale of Two Dictators

Washington Post via RCP.

Very interesting article noting the differences between Chile's dictator Augusto Pinochet and Cuba's Fidel Castro. Pinochet is often vilified, and with reason; Casto is often lauded, despite his (to me, anyway) very obvious flaws. Now while it is more than a little crass to say so to their victims and their families, I have to believe that the people of Chile are far better off today than the people of Cuba. I'll note for the record that Pinochet left power voluntarily - Castro?

John O'sullivan of the Chicago Sun-Times has more, including a comaprisons to Franco, Mao, Hilter and Stalin, along with the leader of the island paradise 90 miles from our shores.

"As for Pinochet's economic legacy, it outstrips that of most advanced democracies, let alone the economic rubble of all the communist dictators. Within a decade of the 1973 coup, Chile was a stable growing economy transformed by monetary, supply-side, trade and labor market reforms introduced by Pinochet. When Chile returned to democracy in the late 1980s, the Christian Democrat government of Patricio Aylwin continued his free-market approach."

He also makes the point that while Castro has traveled freely around the world, Pinochet has been constantly forced to defend himself in courts around the world - even though the courts in Chile had granted him amnesty. It is certainly illustrative of way they are viewed.

Sunday, December 10, 2006

Shuttle Launches at Night


via OWH.

For the first time in four years, NASA launches a shuttle at night. The launch had been delayed twice due to unfavorable waether, which cleared just in time for the spectacular lift-off.

"During their 12-day mission, Discovery's crew will rewire the space station, deliver an $11 million addition to the space lab and bring home one of the space station's three crew members, German astronaut Thomas Reiter of the European Space Agency. American astronaut Sunita "Suni" Williams will replace him, staying for six months."

Interestingly enough, the shuttle crew is one of the least experienced in recent memory, with five of the astronauts being rookies who have never been in space.
Mission Commander Mark Polansky and pilot William Oefelein are among the more experienced members of the crew. Three ISS construction spacewalks are planned for the mission.

Saturday, December 09, 2006

MIT Research boosts Ethanol

OWH.

MIT researchers have developed a new type of yeast that could boost ethanol production by as much as 50%. The new strain is able to withstand a higher alcohol and glucose content than the yeast usually used in producing ethanol, speeding the production process and increasing the yield. Pretty cool.